Performance evaluation and spectrum-based analysis of a wall-mounted photovoltaic system for zero-energy building

The concept of zero-energy building (ZEB) has attracted global attention in recent years as it involves offsetting the primary energy usage a on an annual base by generated from renewable resources. performance wall-mounted photovoltaics (PV) for applications great potential ZEB. In this study, we compared and common roof-mounted PV systems using combination experimental theoretical studies. system exhibited unusual behavior depending season. Winter is suitable season production because low solar altitude resulting lower incident angle sun. However, ratio (PR) had twin peaks throughout day that could not be explained classical model uses irradiance temperature variation. summer, there was less vertical wall PR triple were also hard to explain conventional model. We established detailed output power spectrum variation plane. Our approach development can applied all-climate computed according sun’s orientation angle. quantitatively explains unique seasonal daily efficiency variations (twin winter summer). validated utilized map location system.